Where are you Thomas Roche?

In the last blog, we saw that Johanna Brown and Thomas Roche/Roach were married at St. Patrick’s Church in Janesville, Wisconsin in December 1857.  Johanna was sixteen when she

1870 U.S. Census - (click to enlarge)

married.  Thomas, born about 1838 according to census records, was near 20.  One daughter, Emma, was born while they lived in Wisconsin and was baptized December 20, 1859¹.  We also saw that they moved to Chicago by June 1860, when the U.S. Census² was taken, and were living with a sister of Johanna, Mary Brown Gray and her family at 258 Wolcott in the north section of Chicago.  The 1870 U.S. Census³ shows Thomas, Johanna and two children, James and George (George David), living in the 9^th Ward west of the Chicago River.  (More information about James and George will be given in a future post.)  William Roach was also living with Thomas and Johanna in the 1870 U.S. Census.  William is identified elsewhere with Thomas and is believed to be a close relative.

Chicago addresses - (click to enlarge)

Very few records give Thomas’ occupation.  Most sources show him as a laborer.   The 1860 U.S. Census identifies him as a “waiter.”   He was shown in the 1870s Chicago City Directories as either a teamster, or a porter for the Ft. Wayne & Cr Railroad.  Whatever Thomas’s occupation, the Roach family moved very frequently – nearly every year.  Whether they moved to be near work, or because of fluctuating family fortunes, they always lived near or at the same address as other family members; most often the Brown family; but, at times, with William Roche/Roach.  See the list of addresses below and a map, right, identifying the location by year⁴.

As we learned in the last blog, Johanna died May 29, 1872⁵ leaving Thomas to care for his two young sons.  She was buried in Calvary Cemetery along with four children.  (Refer to the last post, I Remember Mama, for more information about Johanna’s death.) 

Chicago - Calvary Cemetery Records - Lot N17
(click to enlarge)

From the cemetery records (see left), we know that Thomas died in March 1875 and was buried in Calvary Cemetery with his family⁶.  His death was not indexed in the list of Chicago Burial Permits⁷.  Besides his date of burial, nothing was known about his

Chicago Coroner's Report - March 9, 1875
(click to enlarge)

death until a last ditch effort uncovered a news article in the March 9^th issue of the Chicago Tribune⁸.  (See news article below left)  Thomas Roche died suddenly at his home at 115 North Jefferson St.; but it was not until two days later that the coroner was called to make a report⁹.  (See coroner’s report right and footnotes.)  Both the newspaper and the Coroner’s report give the cause of death as “inflammation of the

Chicago Tribune - March 9, 1875
(click to enlarge)

brain.”  Today, we would associate that term with meningitis or encephalitis; however, in the 1870s, in a less sophisticated environment, it was used as a “catch-all” phrase when no other cause of death was apparent.  Since his death was sudden, the more likely cause was a heart attack or stroke.  Witnesses at the Coroner’s Inquest were Annie Roach of the same address, and William Roach of 592 South Morgan St., probably the same William who was living with Thomas and Johanna in 1870.     

Family history says that Thomas came from the same area as his wife, Johanna, in County Limerick.  Because so many names, surnames as well as first names, are the same, it is difficult to uncover a baptismal record for an individual without the names of both parents and, at least, one sibling.  Since William Roach was associated with Thomas at various times, speculation is that William¹⁰ is a brother, or at the very minimum, a close cousin.  Because “Annie” was a witness on the coroner’s report, could she also be a sibling of Thomas? 

A search in County Limerick did indeed uncover a January 1838 baptism for Thomas Roche in Patrickswell and Ballybrown church records¹¹, the same parish where Johanna and all of the Browne siblings were baptized, as well as a July 1850 baptism for Anna.  The parents for both baptisms were David and Maria Roche.  No record was found for William; but, as we recall from the Browne family, not all baptisms were recorded.  (See previous post on Instant Gratification.)  However, William’s death certificate gave his father’s name as “Patrick,” and no other baptism was found in Limerick with this criteria.

The Roche/Roach surname is common throughout Ireland with Wexford and Cork recording the highest numbers.  County Wexford did not turn up any promising records; however, there are several possibilities in Cork, all within the parishes of either Glanworth and Ballindangan or Castletownroche¹².  The only William with an April baptismal record is in the parish of Glanworth and Ballindangan.  There are a total of six children in this family including William, baptized April 1848, Thomas, baptized August 1838, and Honora¹³, baptized August 1858.  Additionally, Buckley and Prendivill families are listed in this parish.  (Recall that families with these surnames are buried in the same plot in Calvary Cemetery as Johanna and Thomas Roche/Roach.  See an image of the cemetery card above.)  However, the parents are listed as David Roche and Joanna Hanly

Catholic Parishes in parts of Counties Limerick and Cork
Green = Patrickswell and Ballybrown;
Purple = Glanworth and Ballindangan;
Blue = Castletownroche
Map from National Library Ireland
(click to enlarge) 

– not Patrick as indicated on William’s death record.  Another family in Glanworth and Ballindangan also show baptisms for Thomas (December 1839) and Joanna (1841).  The parents are listed as Patrick Roche and Ellen Keeffe.  No record for William was found with this family. 

The parish of Castletownroche did have additional records for William where the father was listed as “Patrick.”  One record was for William, son of Patrick and Bridget Roche, baptized in July 1847.  Another record for William, baptized January 1847, gave the name of the parents as Patrick Roche and Elizabeth Connor.  The baptismal sponsor for another child in this family was Ellen Hannigan.  Recall from the last blog that a witness at the wedding of Johanna and Thomas in 1855 was Jacobus Hannigan. No records were located in Castletownroche for Thomas.  Could William in Castletownroche actually be a cousin of Thomas in Glanworth and Ballindangan?  Or, although they are living in different townlands, could Patrick Roche have married a second time to Elizabeth Connor after the death of his first wife, Ellen Keefe¹⁴?  

One final thought about Annie Roach listed as a witness in the Coroner’s Report.  We have learned in looking for a place of origin in Ireland for Thomas Roche/Roach that Annie is an alternative name for Hannah.  Could “Annie” actually be Hannah Kelly Brown, the matriarch of our Brown family¹⁵?    Another mystery to ponder!

In the next blog, we will look at the children of Thomas and Johanna, James and George David. 

1.        Marriage and Baptism records from St. Patrick’s Catholic Church, Janesville, Rock County, Wisconsin. 

2.        Year: 1860; Census Place: Chicago Ward 8, Cook, Illinois; Roll: M653_168; Page: 114; Family History Library Film: 803168

3.       Year: 1870; Census Place: Chicago Ward 9, Cook, Illinois; Roll: M593_204; Page: 33B; Family History Library Film: 545703

4.       Addresses were obtained from the 1860 U.S. Census, 1860 to 1875 Chicago City Directories available on Ancestry.com, and death records for Johanna, (Indexes to deaths in the city of Chicago during the years 1871 to 1933, FHL film 1295973 [Burial Permits]), and Thomas Roach, (1875 Coroner’s Report).  At times, more than one Thomas Roach is shown in the directories.  Entries for other family members, including William Roach, were used to determine the address for Thomas and his family.

5.       Report of Death, Vital Statistics Department, County Clerk’s Office, State of Illinois, Cook County, Registration Number A-143-29, May 27, 1872, Johanna Roach

6.       Thomas and his family are buried in Calvary Cemetery in Lot N17, Block 6, Section U.  The plot was purchased by Thomas May 31, 1872, the day Johanna was buried, and consists of three graves measuring eight foot by ten foot in total.  At least fifteen burials are shown in the plot- eight adults and seven children.  Until 1899, only Thomas, Johanna, and six children are shown in the three graves.  Staff at the cemetery indicate that it was quite common for multiple individuals to be buried in the same grave.  From cemetery records, death records and obituaries, we can identify the other individuals buried with Thomas and Johanna.  Thomas’ close relative, William Roach, and William’s wife, Mary Ann, are buried in the plot.  Mary Ann’s maiden name was Downey.  The other individuals in the plot are relatives of Mary Ann Downey Roach.

7.       Op. Cit.  Indexes to deaths in the city of Chicago . . .

8.       Chicago Tribune, The City, General News, March 9, 1875, p 8, column 1, paragraph 4.

9.       Illinois Regional Archives Depository System, Northeastern Illinois University, Coroner’s Inquest Record Index, 1872-1911, Thomas Roach, Volume 1, page 588, date filed 8 Mar 1875, date of death 6 Mar 1875.  The final report did not indicate why there was a delay in contacting the Coroner’s office.  The news article suggests the occupants of the house tried to suppress the incident and that Thomas was deceased for two days before a coroner’s report was made – a rather distressing thought.  A conversation with Paul at the Northeastern IRAD office suggests that not too much trust should be placed in the news article.  The purpose of any article in the newspaper was to sell newspapers and the circumstances could have been exaggerated.  Perhaps a simpler explanation can be found.  If Thomas was alone at the time of his death, whoever found Thomas may have thought he was sleeping.  Not wanting to disturb him, the doctor was not summoned immediately.  Once the doctor finally arrived, which could have taken some period of time, the doctor could not sign a death certificate since he had not attended Thomas before his death.  There was probably a further delay for someone from the coroner’s office to arrive, especially since there was no sign of foul play.  Two days may not have been unusual in these circumstances.    

10.   William’s year of birth is given on various records as anywhere between 1840 and 1850.  His death certificate identifies his birth about 1849.  The 1870 U.S. Census shows his birth year as 1845; 1880 shows 1840.  The 1900 U.S.  Census shows his birth as April 1850 and his immigration as 1860; 1910 shows his birth as 1850 and immigration as 1865.  The 1920 U.S. Census show a birth year of 1845. 

11.   Irish Catholic baptismal records are available through the National Library at: https://registers.nli.ie/.  The records for Patrickswell and Ballybrown are under the parish of “Lurriga.”  Records for all parishes can be obtained by clicking on the appropriate county on the map shown on the website and selecting the appropriate parish to view a microfilm of that parish on line.  Indexes with links to images of parish records are available at no cost at: https://search.findmypast.com/search-world-records/ireland-roman-catholic-parish-baptisms  

12.   The parishes of Glanworth and Ballindangan and Castletownroche are located adjacent to each other in the north east corner of County Cork.     

13.   Wight, Judith Eccles, A Rose by any Other Name: a guide to Irish Christian names, available online at https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?from=fhd&dps_pid=IE105460.  Ann, Anna, Annie are alternative names for Hannah/Honora, Johanna, and Nancy.  Using a birth year of 1858, if this is the correct person, Annie would have been seventeen at the death of Thomas in 1875.

14.   Dates of baptisms make it a possibility that Patrick did remarry.  Ellen Keefe and Patrick Roche have baptisms recorded for four children: Timothy (September 1836), Margaret (May 1838), Thomas (December 1839), and Joanna (1841).  Patrick Roche and Elizabeth Connor were married in October 1842 and had four children:  Richard (May 1843), Ellen (April 1845), William (January 1847), and David (June 1849).

15.   The news article about the death of Thomas states there was a “family” that occupied the house where Thomas was found.  According to Judith Eccles Wight (see footnote #13 above) Annie can be an alternative name for Hannah.  An Irish dialect often does not pronounce an “H” at the beginning of a word.  We saw this in the 1850 U.S. Census when Hannah/Honora Brown was enumerated in Vermont with her children.  The name in that record was written an “Annora.”  Records for Honora Kelly Brown have been found using several variations of the name - Honora, Hannah, Johanna, Nora and Annora.  Could the family living at the house have been our Hannah, the matriarch of our Brown family, along with James and George, the children of Thomas?  Perhaps the coroner heard “Annie” when her name was given and just assumed her surname was “Roach” when the children called her Grandma? 

I Remember Mama

Baptismal record Johanna Brown, September 21, 1841, Patrickswell Church, Limerick, Ireland 

The next child of Timothy and Honora Kelly Brown is another daughter, Johanna, baptized September 21, 1841 in Patrickswell, Limerick, Ireland¹.  Like her other siblings, she made the trip from Ireland to Boston in January 1849 and lived in Boston and Vermont with the family.  (See previous blog posts for The Voyage on the John Murray, Boston, and Vermont.)  Again, as I did with other family members, I used the David Brown letter² to guide my research for Johanna. (See image below) The first document I found was

David Brown Letter
(click to enlarge)

the 1860 US census for Johanna and her husband, Thomas, in Chicago with three other siblings – Mary Gray, James Brown and Thomas Brown.  Like most surnames, records associated with this family are shown with multiple spellings, most often Roche or Roach.  While the preferred Irish spelling is the Norman version Roche, meaning “rock,” records in both Ireland and American refer to the same family using a number of different spellings.  To make it easier for future researchers to locate the same record cited in this blog, I will give the spelling of the name as it appears in the specific record.   

As I was doing my research, I found a group of descendants of Johanna who are also researching Johanna’s life – or rather they found me!  They have been doing research for years and have uncovered many wonderful stories about Johanna and her family.  So, while this blog is about Johanna and Thomas, it is also about Johanna’s descendants who cherish her memory.

Like her older sister, Mary Gray, Johanna’s own story begins with the 1860 US census in Chicago, Illinois³.  (See image below.)  She is listed with her husband, Thomas Roach, not Michael as identified

1860 US Census, Chicago, IL
(click to enlarge)

in the David Brown letter, and a one year old daughter, Emma, who was born in Wisconsin.  Obviously, Johanna lived in Wisconsin between living in Vermont and Chicago, but just where in Wisconsin?  Immigrant families often stayed together when they arrived in America.  To see if there were any clues, we look back to other known relations in Chicago, specifically, the family of John and Ellen Kelly Brown, brother and sister of our own Timothy and Hannah Kelly Brown, who were living at the same address as Hannah Brown and her family in Chicago in 1870.  (See blog post on Chicago.)  A list of burials in Calvary Cemetery was shown in that blog post.  Included in the cemetery list was Ellen Brown, the widow of John Brown⁴, Mary O’Brien, a daughter of John and Ellen Brown (baptized June 15, 1828 in Patrickswell), and Nellie Ryan, a daughter of Mary Brown and her husband, Michael O’Brien.  The death record for Nellie O’Brien Ryan shows her date of birth as April 13, 1859 and place of birth as Janesville, Rock County, Wisconsin⁵.   Could this be the connection we needed to place Johanna Brown Roach in Wisconsin?

A call to the Catholic Church in Janesville, St. Patrick’s, uncovered a baptismal record for Emma Roche, daughter of Johanna and Thomas, on December 20, 1859.  Further research produced the

Marriage record of Thomas Roche and Johanna Brown
St Patrick's Church, Janesville, WI
(click to enlarge)

marriage record for Johanna Brown and Thomas Roche on December 22, 1857. During this time frame, the birth of a first child usually took place about a year after the marriage of a couple.  Was Emma the first child, or was there an additional child, or perhaps a miscarriage, before Emma?  No additional baptisms were identified at St. Patrick’s for children of Johanna and Thomas.  Since baptisms usually occur shortly after the birth of a child, the assumption is that Emma was conceived sometime around March 1859.  However, the 1860 US census, taken in June 1860, shows Emma as one year old making her birth approximately June 1858 to June 1859. The records for St. Patrick’s also show a baptismal record for Nellie O’Brien, daughter of Mary Brown and Michael O’Brien on December 19, 1859, just a day before Emma’s baptism⁶.  We know from Nellie’s death record that she was born in April 1859, some eight months before she was baptized.  Could the same thing have happened with Emma?

St. Patrick’s, one of the oldest Catholic churches in Wisconsin,  was originally organized as St. Cuthbert’s in the mid 1840s specifically

St. Patrick's, Janesville, WI about 1864

to serve the Irish population⁷.  Services in the early years were held by traveling clergy in the homes of parishioners.  Even after a permanent building was erected, there was not always a resident priest. The baptisms of Emma and Nellie could have been delayed until a priest was in the vicinity.  Based on that information, Emma was probably born some months before her baptism.  There may have been another child born to Johanna and Thomas while they were living in Wisconsin but it cannot be definitively determined.   

It appears that at least part of the family lived for awhile in Rock County, Wisconsin.   What was the attraction to this area?  Rock County is located in the southeastern portion of Wisconsin and shares a border with Illinois being close to Milwaukee, but more importantly within a short train ride of Chicago.  Transportation to the area was plentiful with connections in Janesville to three freight and passenger railroad lines.  A history of Rock County Wisconsin⁸ states, “The principal attractions of Wisconsin were the excellency and cheapness of its lands, its valuable mines of lead, its extensive forests of pine, and the unlimited water-power of its numerous streams [used for flour and lumber mills]”.  Railroads were also being constructed during the 1850s providing additional employment opportunities.  Other reports stated that the landscape looked like Ireland with a similar climate affording even more incentive to stay in the area⁹.  Furthermore, the Wisconsin Commission of Emigration actively encouraged European immigrants to settle in Wisconsin during the early 1850s.  Pamphlets were distributed to many parts of Europe including Ireland, and eastern port cities such as Boston, New York, Montreal and Quebec.  Advertisements were placed in numerous newspapers extolling the virtues of the area¹⁰.   The Irish would have been well acquainted with the advantages to be found in Wisconsin.

Although Wisconsin had been their home for at least a few years, sometime between December 1859 and June 1860, Thomas and Johanna moved to Chicago.  We do not know why they left Wisconsin.  Perhaps jobs were not as plentiful in 1860; at least not the type of jobs that appealed to the family.  We do know that at least part of the family, including Johanna’s mother, Hannah Kelly Brown and sister, Mary Brown Gray, were located in Chicago in 1860.  Johanna and Thomas lived at various addresses within close proximity to the rest of the family during the 1860s.  (See the previous blog on Chicago.)   On October 7, 1871, the day before the Great Chicago Fire, Johanna and her family were living at 63 W. Jackson Street on the west side of the Chicago River.  A fire broke out that day that destroyed a four block area including the home of Johanna and Thomas.  They fled to the home of Johanna’s mother, Hannah Kelly Brown on the east side of the river.  Hannah’s home at 219 E. Jackson Street was also destroyed in the Great Chicago Fire on October 8.  It was in the first area on the east side of the river to burn when the fire jumped the river.  All of the family was displaced although they did stay in Chicago. (See previous blogs on F I R E ! and Aftermath) 

Johanna Brown Roach died in Chicago on May 27, 1872¹¹; just seven months after the fire.  It is not known if the fire was a

Report of Death, Chicago, IL
(click to enlarge)

contributing factor in her death; but, many Chicago residents died months, and even years after the fire as a result of smoke inhalation and injuries received at the time of the fire.  The Vital Statistics Department in Chicago shows her cause of death as “Pending.”  (See image left.)   Memories of the family give her cause of death as typhoid and/or childbirth. 

Because of the fire, additional records were kept by the Chicago Relief and Aid Society.  In 1874, a report was produced giving details of aid provided to residents and deaths reported during 1872.  The report contains tables showing the number and causes

Deaths during April, May, and June 1872
for persons 20 to 40
(click to enlarge)

of deaths by age group.  The table for persons aged twenty to forty for May 1872, the month Johanna died, identifies one female who died of heart disease and one female who died of phthisis (tuberculosis).  Since Johanna died at the end of May, her death could have been reported in June when two females died of phthisis¹².  The David Brown letter states that, “. . . Johanna Brown was sick at the time [of the fire]” which could indicate one the conditions identified above – childbirth, typhoid, or tuberculosis. If she was ill with any of those conditions, the fire would certainly have been detrimental to her health.    

Johanna was buried May 31, 1872 in Calvary Cemetery in Evanston, Illinois, located about ten miles north of downtown

Calvary Cemetery record for Roche burials
(click to enlarge)

Chicago.  The lot was purchased by Thomas on the same day Johanna was buried¹³.   A record of the burial is shown left.  Note that four children of Thomas Roche were also buried the same day in the same lot.  Johanna and Thomas did have additional children.  The 1870 US census¹⁴ for Thomas and Johanna Roach shows two sons, James (1863) and David (1865), who survived to adulthood.  Emma is clearly missing from the 1870 census; and, in fact, is not listed with the family in the 1865 Illinois State census¹⁵.  Emma likely died between 1860 and 1865 and could be counted as one of the children; but, was she actually re-interred in1872 when her mother died?  If Johanna was pregnant at the time of her death, and the child did not survive, that could also account for one of the four children.  Who were the other children and did they all die at the same time?  Using the census records as a guide, the children would have been born and died between 1860 and 1865, and/or 1865 to 1870.  Despite extensive searches, the names of the other children have not been identified¹⁶. George Roach, the younger son, remembers children being moved from another cemetery and reburied with their mother when Johanna died.  This was clearly a traumatic event for a small boy of six or seven years old and would have been ingrained in his memory.    

       

The Chicago City Cemetery was established by 1843.  It was situated along the water front of Lake Michigan, where Lincoln Park is now located¹⁷, and included a section for Catholic burials and a Potters Field for Chicago’s indigent.  (See current map of the

area right.)  Lots were sold to individuals until 1859 when it was

Current Chicago lake front
from Google Maps

determined that the cemetery posed a health threat to the people living in the vicinity and, indeed, to the rest of the city.  The land, located below the water table, was not well suited for a cemetery.  There was a “miasma” rising from the cemetery and it was feared the city’s water supply would be contaminated from bacteria leaking from the graves into the lake which was the source of Chicago’s drinking water.  The city proposed closing the cemetery and moving the burials to other locations – at the cost of the individual.  Although burials continued officially until 1866, some graves were removed starting in 1859.  The City Cemetery was the only cemetery in Chicago where mass disinternments took place¹⁸.  This is the probable place of the original burial of the Roach children – likely in the Potter’s Field.

The question remains about who moved the children and who covered the cost of the removal and reburial?  The Roach family, as were most Irish families in Chicago at the time, were poor and the cost of having someone else move the children may have been more than they could manage financially.  Did the family disinter and rebury the children themselves?  Also, since most markers in the cemetery were destroyed when the Great Chicago Fire raged through the cemetery in October 1871, could the graves have even been located?  There is another alternative.  An article in the Chicago Tribune, from September 18, 1872, some three months after Johanna’s death, states that there were over 10,000 persons still buried in the Potter’s Field.  The city wanted to clear the area.  As a result, “ . . . the city, . . . , very generously agrees to allow the former owner a lot, equal in size to the one vacated, in any cemetery the owner may specify; and, in addition, proposed to liquidate all expenses incurred in exhuming and transporting the remains to their new resting places.”  Even though this was published after Johanna’s death, was the same, or similar, offer made earlier to the Roach family¹⁹?

The next blog post will present additional information about Johanna’s husband, Thomas.

Information contained in this blog post was provided by the descendants of Johanna and Thomas.  Special thanks to KC, Eileen, Leslie, Greg, Kerry, and many others.

  

1.       Baptisms, Patrickswell Catholic Parish Registers, Lurriga, 21 Sep 1841, microfilm 02409-05, National Library of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland

2.       Brown, David, Kewanee, IL.,  11 May 1943.  Letter to Esther _______, Columbus, OH, page 6.

3.       "United States Census, 1860", database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MX4B-BJS : 13 December 2017), Johannah Roach in entry for Thos Roach, 1860.

4.       John Brown was listed in Griffith’s Valuation published for the Fanningstown area in 1851.  He probably died between 1851 and 1856 when his holding was taken over by another tenant.  (See previous blog for Putting them on the Fanningstown Map.)  No record of arrival in America of John’s family has been found.

5.        "Illinois, Cook County Deaths, 1878-1994," database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:Q2MD-TNCR : 17 May 2016), Nellie A Ryan, 21 Jul 1942; citing Chicago, Cook, Illinois, United States, source reference , record number , Cook County Courthouse, Chicago; FHL microfilm .

6.       Records from St. Patrick’s Catholic Church, Janesville, Rock County, Wisconsin.  Emma Roche, baptized 20 Dec 1859, parents are Thomas Roche and Johanna Brown; sponsors are Julienne Curtis and Hanna Brown; record is too fragile to copy.  Marriage record for Thomas Roche and Johanna Brown on 22 Dec 1857; witnesses are Jacob Flannigan (Hannigan/Harrigan) and Edward McGurk.  They were the last couple married in the church in 1857.  Elleanor O’Brien, baptized 19 Dec 1859, parents are Michael O’Brien and Mary Brown; sponsors are Jacob Brown and Marie Relly (could be Kelly). The above information was obtained from Lori, an employee of St. Patrick’s Catholic Church in November 2017.  Lori did say there was a visiting priest in mid-December 1859 and many baptisms were performed at that time.

7.       Uncaphon, Wendy, Guide to Rock County Wisconsin Churches, Cemeteries, Schools and Towns, Rock County Genealogical Society Inc, Janesville, Wisconsin, 2008.  Accessed October 2017 at the Allen County Public Library, Ft. Wayne, Indiana.

8.       The History of Rock County, Wisconsin, Western Historical Company, Chicago, IL, 1879, page 58.  Available online at Internet Library https://ia600201.us.archive.org/11/items/cu31924028871585/cu31924028871585.pdf

9.       Plevak, Margaret, Irish put heart into new homeland,  Walworth County Today, Gazette, CSI Walworth County Sunday, available online at: http://web.gazettextra.com/20170312/irish_put_heart_into_new_homeland

10.   Turning Points in Wisconsin History, 19^th Century Immigration, Wisconsin Historical Society, available online at: https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/turningpoints/tp-018/?action=more_essay

11.   Report of Death, Vital Statistics Department, County Clerk’s Office, State of Illinois, Cook County, Registration Number A-143-29, May 27, 1872, Johanna Roach

12.   Chicago Relief and Aid Society, Report of the Chicago Relief and Aid Society of Disbursements of Contributions for the Suffers by the Chicago Fire, Riverside, Cambridge, H. O. Houghton and Company, 1874, page 245.  Available online at Google Books at:  https://books.google.com/books?id=skAAAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=report+of+the+chicago+relief+and+aid+society+of+disbursement+of&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjIwri_9o7OAhUGbSYKHTSqAHAQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q=report%20of%20the%20chicago%20relief%20and%20aid%20society%20of%20disbursement%20of&f=false

13.   Copy of Burial Card from Calvary Cemetery in possession of the descendants of Thomas and Johanna Roche/Roach.

14.   US Census, Year: 1870; Census Place: Chicago Ward 9, Cook, Illinois; Roll: M593_204; Page: 33B; Family History Library Film: 545703

15.   Illinois State Archives; Springfield, Illinois; Illinois State Census, 1865; Archive Collection Number: 103.010; Roll Number: 2172; Line: 35.  The census shows two males under ten years of age, and one male and one female aged twenty to thirty.

16.   Research done as crowd sourcing with descendents searching various Chicago records including Catholic baptisms in Chicago for 1860 to 1872, and cemetery records.

17.   Current map of Chicago showing the location of the Lincoln Park area and Calvary Cemetery in Evanston.  Map from Google Maps.

18.   Bannos, Pamela, Hidden Truths:  The Chicago City Cemetery & Lincoln Park.  http://hiddentruths.northwestern.edu/home.html  Ms Bannon has done extensive research about the old Chicago City Cemetery where Lincoln Park is now located.  She has scoured old newspapers, and state archives for information about the cemetery from its beginning through to current times.  Many images are included in the website.  

19.   Ibid.